Accetum/Pronouns

From EnorisWiki

The following is a complete list of pronouns in Accetum, as well as related information.

Contents 1 Modifiers 1.1 Gender Modifiers 1.2 Formality Modifiers 1.3 Other Modifiers 2 Personal Pronouns 2.1 Subjective Pronouns 2.2 Objective Pronouns (Direct) 2.3 Objective Pronouns (Indirect) 2.4 Reciprocal Pronouns 3 Notes 4 Footnotes

Modifiers

Gender Modifiers

There are six gender modifiers in Accetum. All of them are used as prefixes, attached to the pronoun with a hyphen.

• S̥i – Feminine gender modifier.
• Ji – Masculine gender modifier.
• Vi – Neuter gender modifier.
  • Used to refer to inanimate objects, or plants.
• Ca – Neutral modifier.
  • Explicitly using this modifier indicates a hypothetical entity.
• Λa – Mixed gender modifier.
  • This may be implied for paucal, plural, or greater plural, depending on the context and dialect.
• Gé – Used to refer to an animal of any gender.

Formality Modifiers

There are four modifiers used to show formality or respect. Each used to indicate varying levels of formality or respect. Each of the following modifiers are suffixes, attached to the pronoun with a hyphen. They come before any other suffix modifier. Note that most dialects only use these on second person pronouns, though some dialects and situations call for their use on other pronouns as well. These modifiers are also often used on nouns.

• Ñarǫ̀ – Indicates familiarity or disrespect, if used with someone who expects more formal or respectful modifiers.
  • In most dialects, this is simply left off and implied.
• Fál – Indicates familial formality or respect. This is used when referring to an older family member, such as parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles, etc.
• Þun – Indicates authoritative formality. This is used when referring to an authority figure, such as a teacher or boss.
  • Slaves will use this to refer to non-slaves that aren't their master.
• Wigarǫ̀ – Used to indicate great respect or formality.
  • This modifier is less common than in previous times, where it would be used to refer to royalty or important religious figures. It is more commonly used for flattery, or used to refer to those seen as personal heroes.
  • This modifier is most commonly used by a slave referring to their master.

Other Modifiers

These are modifiers that don't fall into the previous two categories, which perform a miscellaneous function when attached to the pronoun. These are all suffixes, attached with a hyphen. If a formality modifier is attached to the pronoun, they come after. When used together, their order is largely idiolectal and dialectal.

• J̈í – Depending on where it's used, this modifier indicates two different things.
  • If used with first person paucal or plural, it is used to indicate exlusiveness.
    • Using it with greater plural is largely meaningless.
  • If used with a third person singular pronoun, it indicates a dummy pronoun.
• Mę̀x – Used with third person, singular pronouns. Roughly synonymous with first person paucal or plural, but not first person greater plural. Which is used is largely dialectal.
• Vij – Used to form a reflexive pronoun.

Personal Pronouns

The following are stems of pronouns, altered in meaning by using the above modifiers.

Subjective Pronouns

	Singul.	Paucal	Plural	Gr. Plur.3
1st Person	(Ce1)Brij2	Gǫ̀brij	Nèbrij	Ñèbrij
2nd Person	(Ce1)Z̥ól	Gǫ̀z̥ól	Nèz̥ól	Ñèz̥ól
3rd Person	(Ce1)Crit	Gǫ̀crit	Nècrit	Ñècrit

Objective Pronouns (Direct)

	Singul.	Paucal	Plural	Gr. Plur.3
1st Person	(Ce2)Rej̈	Gǫ̀rej̈	Nèrej̈	Ñèrej̈
2nd Person	(Ce2)Foþ̈	Gǫ̀foþ̈	Nèfoþ̈	Ñèfoþ̈
3rd Person	(Ce2)Ḧan	Gǫ̀ḧan	Nèḧan	Ñèḧan

Objective Pronouns (Indirect)

	Singul.	Paucal	Plural	Gr. Plur.3
1st Person	(Ce2)Res̥	Gǫ̀res̥	Nères̥	Ñères̥
2nd Person	(Ce2)Fos̥	Gǫ̀fos̥	Nèfos̥	Ñèfos̥
3rd Person	(Ce2)Ḧes̥	Gǫ̀ḧes̥	Nèḧes̥	Ñèḧes̥

Reciprocal Pronouns

• Gǫ̀braλ – Used when referring to a group of a few.
• Nèbraλ – Used when referring to a group of many.
• Ñèbraλ – Used when referring to a group of a very, very large number.

Notes

1. Intensive forms are produced by repeating the pronoun, but not including any modifiers. For example "Ji-brij brij" instead of "Ji-brij ji-brij".
2. Prepositional forms match the analogous objective form.
3. In cases where it can be inferred from context, gender modifiers can be left off.

Footnotes

1. Archaic usage.
2. In some dialectis, s̥i-brij is contracted to s̥'prij.
3. Old dialects do not distinguish plural and greater plural in the manner of the modern language. They may use additional adjectives with the plural number, instead.